| Names |
- Acute motor axonal neuropathy (subtype)
- Axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome (subtype)
- Miller Fisher syndrome (subtype)
- Progressive inflammatory neuropathy (subtype)
Abbreviations: GBS, MFS
Category: Nervous System |
| Incidence |
From 2,066 to 8,865 cases in the US per year (Sejvar 2011). Female/Male ratio: 1.4x. |
| Age of Onset |
Onset typically occurs between ages 30 and 50. |
| Description |
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and damages the protective covering (myelin) of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. Damage to the myelin hinders communication between the brain and the body, leading to muscle weakness or tingling sensations in the arms and legs. The cause of GBS is unknown but may be associated with a viral or bacterial infection, injury, or surgery. There are 6 types of GBS:
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is the most prevalently diagnosed form of GBS in the US and is often associated with a prior infection. This type leads to damage to the nerve myelin, but prognosis is good and full recovery is expected.
Acute motor axonal neuropathy is associated with a prior infection causing diarrhea and is most common in children. This type primarily leads to weakness, which impairs movement and breathing and may lead to respiratory failure if untreated. Patients receiving medical attention are expected to recover.
Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy is associated with prior infection causing diarrhea and has a sudden, intense onset. This type is most prevalent in adults. In addition to severe muscle weakness, patients also experience impairments in the senses. Prognosis is poor.
Miller-Fisher syndrome is rare and results in difficulties with coordination, loss of reflexes, and paralysis around the eyes, along with impairments in the senses. Recovery is expected in 1 to 3 months.
Acute panautonomic neuropathy is very rare and impairs both voluntary and involuntary body functions, including drops in blood pressure when standing, incontinence, lack of sweating, dry eyes and mouth, and impaired pupil function. Many patients experience heart problems, which can be fatal. Patients may improve, but slowly and incompletely.
Pure sensory GBS causes the sudden appearance of impairments in the senses and loss of reflexes caused by damage to the myelin. Recovery is expected.
Evidence of autoimmunity: Antibody
ICD-10 Code: G61.0 SNOMED Code: 40956001
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Link to Clinical Trials
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| References |
Link to Mayo Clinic
Link to Cleveland Clinic
Link to Healthline
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Profile by: Emily RomanelloProfile updated September 2024Charts generated Oct 12, 2024 at 12:54 PM ET |
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Guillain-Barré syndrome sex breakdown
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Guillain-Barré syndrome age breakdown
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