| Names |
- Autoimmune encephalitis caused by N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antibody
- Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
- Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Category: Nervous System |
| Incidence |
222 cases in the US per year (Dalmau 2019). Female/Male ratio: Unknown. |
| Age of Onset |
Onset typically occurs between ages 18 and 35. |
| Description |
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks the brain’s NMDA receptors. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors are proteins that play a significant role in learning and memory.
When the NMDA receptor antibodies attack the NMDA receptors in the brain, certain functions of the brain are disrupted and brain swelling, or encephalitis, occurs. At disease onset, patients often have symptoms consistent with those caused by a virus. Within 3 months of onset, patients develop psychological or neurological problems, including seizures and perceptual and behavioral changes. As the disorder progresses, patients become verbally unresponsive and experience difficulty with movement. With time, problems with regulation of autonomic processes, such as heart rate and breathing, emerge. Some cases of this disease have been associated with tumors, especially of the ovary. In severe cases, complications can result in relapse, chronic cognitive problems, or death. However, if treatment and medical supervision is received, most patients can expect to fully recover.
Evidence of autoimmunity: Antibody
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| Symptoms |
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| Resources |
Link to Clinical Trials
Link to PubMed |
| References |
Link to Mayo Clinic
Link to Cleveland Clinic
Link to Healthline
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Profile by: Emily RomanelloProfile updated September 2024Charts generated Oct 12, 2024 at 12:54 PM ET |
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Autoimmune encephalitis caused by N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antibody sex breakdown
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Autoimmune encephalitis caused by N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antibody age breakdown
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